• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES OR RELATED TO THEM. The present invention relates to electric vehicles usually inheriting a chassis from a pressed steel construction from a conventional vehicle design. This imposes a substantial weight penalty on the vehicle. It reveals a chassis elements for a vehicle, formed in an outer covering material, an inner core material enveloped by the outer covering material, and at least one aligned fiber arrangement, and which comprises a retainer for an adapted electric battery to locate the battery on the at least one arrangement. There may be multiple arrangements of aligned fibers, preferably arranged at a transverse angle to each other of less than 90 °. Particularly preferred are three aligned fiber arrangements that can be arranged with respect to each other at an angle of 60 °. The fibers can be arranged in the coating material. The containment ideally comprises a perpendicular wall that will serve to confine the batteries in the event of an occasion or other sudden movement, but will allow them to be replaced easily for maintenance purposes or to replace a weakened battery pack with a charged one. Alternatively, containment can (...).
    公开号:BR112013001586B1
    申请号:R112013001586-1
    申请日:2011-07-22
    公开日:2021-02-09
    发明作者:Ian Gordon Murray
    申请人:Gordon Murray Design Limited；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    FIELD OF THE INVENTION
    [0001] The present invention relates to electric vehicles. BACKGROUND TECHNIQUE
    [0002] Most electric vehicles are based on designs used for vehicles powered by internal combustion, with modifications as needed to replace the internal combustion engine with an electric motor and to store the necessary batteries in a suitable location in the vehicle. This has the effect that the chassis of the original vehicle is inherited by the electric vehicle, with little adaptation to explain the substantial weight of the batteries and little elaborate as to how they can be removed and replaced in the future. In general, batteries gradually lose capacity as they are cyclically charged and discharged and, in fact, need to be eventually replaced.
    [0003] As examples, in the BMW Mini "E" vehicle, the electric motor is located in the conventional location in the front engine compartment and the batteries take the place of the rear seats and part of the rear cargo space, leading to a design that is able to accommodate only two people despite having a relatively large body lining. Toyota's Prius hybrid integrates the batteries in the vehicle more efficiently, with the result that their replacement is considered to be somewhat economically unviable, implying a service life for the vehicle of only 150,000 km (approximately 100,000 miles) . Only a few vehicles were designed ab initio considering the needs of electric propulsion, such as the Mercedes Class A which includes the double-deck chassis that provides space under the passenger cabin in which the batteries can be placed.
    [0004] This approach makes the design of electric vehicles more difficult. Inherited Ochassi is usually of a pressed steel construction, which carries a substantial weight penalty. This, in turn, means that more powerful batteries are needed in order to boost the vehicle, increasing the vehicle's weight even more; each cell is typically 6 kg, and many cells will be needed for a viable vehicle. However, a strong crash-resistant chassis or other form of containment for the batteries is essential in order to contain them during an impact. Batteries are often located behind passengers and would therefore inflict serious damage if they were not contained during a frontal collision. Such an enclosure or containment is usually of steel or similar construction, adding more weight. Designing this in a way that allows for easy battery replacement will add more complexity and weight. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
    [0005] The present invention, therefore, provides a dechassi element for a vehicle, formed of an outer sheath material, an inner core material enveloped by the outer sheath material, and at least one array of aligned fibers, and which comprises a housing for an electric battery and a plurality of attachment points for securing the element to a chassis.
    [0006] The aligned fibers can extend from one fixation point to another fixation point, allowing the transfer of load in the combined structure that is the chassis element and the rest of the chassis. This makes it possible for the battery wrap to form part of the load-bearing structure of the chassis, reducing the overall weight of the vehicle and improving its performance. At the same time, making the battery wrap part of the chassis allows it to become accessible; the vehicle's chassis element can (for example) be accessed under the vehicle, released from the rest of the chassis and lowered from the vehicle. It can then be replaced with a unit that charges new batteries or opened to allow replacement of the batteries in it.
    [0007] In this way, the invention allows the design of a removable section of the chassis which, when fitted, forms an integral part of the load-bearing design of the chassis, but which can be removed directly to allow replacement of the batteries. Compared to the existing approach of simply replacing batteries somewhere in a complete chassis, significant weight can be saved and access to batteries can be significantly improved.
    [0008] There may be multiple arrangements of aligned fibers, preferably arranged at a transverse angle to each other of less than 90 °. Three aligned fiber arrangements are preferred, which can be arranged with respect to each other at an angle of 60 °. The fibers can be arranged in the coating material.
    [0009] Containment ideally comprises a perpendicular wall that will serve to confine batteries in the event of a collision or other sudden movement, but will allow them to be replaced easily for maintenance purposes or to replace a weakened battery pack with a charged set . Alternatively, the restraint may comprise an attachment point for the battery.
    [00010] The core material is preferably less dense than the coating material, thereby allowing the composite element to be light in weight and highly rigid.
    [00011] In one embodiment, a part of the outer coating material extends in a planar manner from one attachment point to another. For example, where the outer sheath material has first and second parts on either side of the inner core material, the first part may extend in a planar manner between the plurality of attachment points. The flat part of the cladding provides the plate with a high degree of rigidity and allows it to support loads once connected as part of a chassis. It also provides the chassis with improved aerodynamic drag than might otherwise be the case.
    [00012] In another aspect, the invention provides a vehicle comprising a chassis, an electric motor, a chassis element as defined above and electrical connections from the battery to the engine, in which the chassis element is secured to the chassis by means of of removable fixings that extend through the fixing points of the chassis element at the fixing points on the chassis. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [00013] An embodiment of the present invention will now be described by way of example, with reference to the attached figures, in which;
    [00014] Figure 1 shows a plan view of a battery mounting plate according to a first embodiment of the present invention, in place on a vehicle chassis;
    [00015] Figure 2 shows a vertical sectional view through the battery casing of the first embodiment of the present invention;
    [00016] Figure 3 shows a perspective view of a battery casing according to a second embodiment of the present invention, in an open state;
    [00017] Figure 4 shows the battery cover of the second mode, closed; and
    [00018] Figure 5 shows a schematic view of one side of the vehicle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE MODALITIES
    [00019] Figure 1 shows the chassis element 10 of the present invention, embedded in a chassis structure 12. The chassis structure, as described in the previous applications of depositor WO2009 / 122178 and PCT / GB2010 / 001253, the contents of which they are incorporated into the present by means of reference and to which the versed reader refers for a more complete understanding of the present invention. The chassis then comprises a tubular steel frame 14 to which a non-planar composite plate 16 is attached. Mechanical loads are transferred through the steel frame and the composite plate acts as a single structure. The plate may include directional fibers in order to improve the collision protection capacity of the structure as a whole in specific orientations.
    [00020] According to this invention, the chassis 12 is provided with a plurality of attachment points 18. In this case, they are in the form of steel flap sections welded to the steel frame 14 and provided with through holes 20. The chassis element 10 takes the form most clearly shown in Figure 2, with an outer sheath 22 that wraps an inner core 24 to form a strong, rigid plate 25 that is nevertheless light. A battery wrap 26 can be attached to the plate 25, formed of outer sheath material and which surrounds a plurality of cells of the battery 28. To allow access, the shell 26 is formed of a lower tray section 30 which is adhesively attached to the liner 22 and an upper cover section 32 that fits into the tray section 30 by means of an interlocking arrangement 34. Other forms of fixation such as dowels, screws and the like can be used in place.
    [00021] At the outer ends of the sheet 25, the liner 22 overlaps the inner core 24 on each side, allowing a thin outer flange 36 to be defined around the edge of the sheet 25 by joining the liner on each opposite side of the sheet 25 and connect them in an adhesive manner (or otherwise). This allows the attachment points to be defined on the flange 36, by creating through holes through flange 36. A pin can then pass through the through holes 20 of the flaps 18 in the chassis 12, through the flange 36, and be secured with appropriate nuts, washers and the like. A plurality of such through holes spaced around the flange 36 to correspond to the locations of the flaps 18 and through holes 20 will allow the chassis element 10 to be held in place securely in the chassis 12.
    [00022] It can be seen from Figure 2 that the coating 22 is flat, that is, planar, on the side of the core material 24 (in the illustrated embodiment, the bottom side of the core material), and extends in a way gliding from one through hole 20 to another. The flat part of the liner 22 provides the plate 25 with a high degree of rigidity and allows it to support loads once connected as part of a chassis (for example, as described below).
    [00023] Plate 25 also comprises a series of directional fiber reinforcements 38. As shown in Figure 2, these are formed on plate 25, connected to the opposite inner faces of coating 22. Each comprises a panel of fibers aligned like carbon, Kevlar, glass or other hard fiber reinforcing material and provides more rigidity to the plate in the direction of the fibers.
    [00024] As shown in Figure 1, plate 25 has a total of eight attachment points. Along each side, there are two attachment points, spaced longitudinally along the edge of the plate 25. A directional fiber reinforcement 40 extends laterally across the plate 25 between one of these pairs of attachment points. A second directional fiber reinforcement 42 extends laterally through the plate 25 between the other of the pairs of attachment points, spaced longitudinally from the first.
    [00025] The other four attachment points are arranged in a spaced pair in front of the plate 25 and a spaced pair in the rear of the plate 25. A third directional fiber reinforcement 44 extends diagonally across the plate 25 from a front attachment to the diametrically opposite rear fixture through the center of the plate 25. A fourth directional fiber reinforcement 46 extends diagonally across the plate 25 from the other front fixation to the other rear fixation, again through the center of the plate 25, where it crosses the third reinforcement of directional fiber 44.
    [00026] The directional fiber reinforcements extend to the flange region 36 in each of its end sections and then around the attachment points defined on the flange 36. As the directional fiber reinforcements 40, 42 , 44 and 46, all, therefore, extend from one fixture to another, they are all capable of contributing to the general rigidity of the chassis 12 in which the chassis element 10 is fitted. The forces can be transmitted from the chassis 12 to the directional fiber reinforcements 40, 42, 44 and 46 by means of attachment points.
    [00027] This has two advantages; first, the chassis as a whole can be made lighter (or made more rigid) since the battery wrap structure described above will contribute to the overall performance of the chassis. Second, as there is no need for an additional chassis structure around the battery casing, it can be located at an outer edge of the chassis (such as the underside) where access can be easily guaranteed for removing and replacing the batteries. .
    [00028] Figure 3 shows an example of the invention as applied to a specific vehicle. In this case, the vehicle referred to has the chassis of the type shown in the previous applications of depositor WO2009 / 122178 and PCT / GB2010 / 001253, which essentially comprises a tubular steel frame to which one or more composite plates are attached. These composite plates help to transfer forces between the steel frame members and then contribute to the overall rigidity of the chassis.
    [00029] In the example shown in Figure 3, the most posterior composite plate has been removed and is replaced by the illustrated plate 100. This is designed around the intended three-seat outline of the vehicle, as discussed in the orders referred to above and in WO2008 / 110814. Plate 100, therefore, includes a substantially flat base 102 molded to fit the steel frame members of the chassis and having an internal structure as described above, that is, an outer covering around a light fiber-reinforced core. directional. An external flange 104 allows the plate 100 to be supported on the steel frame and has through holes 106 to allow it to be attached to the frame by means of dowels (or the like) so that it can later be released when the batteries have to be replaced. As noted above, the directional fibers in the base 102 extend around one through hole to another, thereby allowing the transfer of forces on the chassis by the plate 100.
    [00030] A perpendicular part 108 extends upwardly from the base 102 to define a closed space 110. A plurality of cells can be placed in the perpendicular part 108, where it will be contained. Ideally, the perpendicular part 108 is designed so that the cells are properly secured in an adjusted manner thereon, leaving only the essential space for ventilation around them and preventing significant movement of the cells. Additional retention arrangements can be provided as strips, spacers and the like.
    [00031] In this example, the perpendicular part 108 is also designed to fit into the space available under the three-seat configuration. Thus, there is a narrow region 112 of the perpendicular part 108 that fits below the central steering position and a wider region 114 immediately behind which fits the rear passenger seats below.
    [00032] As shown in Figure 4, a closure 116 fits over the perpendicular part 108. The formations 118 at the upper outer end of the perpendicular part 108 do not engage with the corresponding formations at the lower inner end of the closure 116 to maintain the closure 116 at place, once docked. The openings (not shown) can be provided in the perpendicular part 108 or in the closure 116 to allow essential cabling with the batteries and from there for the transmission of electrical energy and signaling. As the rigidity of the plate 100 is provided by the base 102, such openings will not affect the integrity of the chassis.
    [00033] A pair of ventilation slots 120, 122 in the base 102 allows the refrigerant air to be directed by passing an electric motor seated at the rear of the vehicle. As these cracks are formed at base 102, the directional fiber reinforcement will need to be designed around them in order to retain the necessary stiffness at base 102.
    [00034] Figure 5 shows the general location of the batteries in vehicle 126. It will be noted that Figure 5 is a schematic illustration only and is not geometrically or dimensionally accurate. Thus, the exact shape of the battery wrap in Figure 5 does not correspond to the exact shape of plate 100 in Figures 3 and 4. However, it offers a general understanding. Thus, the plate 100 that includes the batteries (hereinafter referred to as the battery shell 100) rests on the base of the vehicle behind the front wheels 128, in front of the rear wheels 130 and below the passenger cell. An electric motor 132 and gearbox 134 drive the rear wheels and are supplied with power from the battery casing 100 by a control unit 136. A radiator / heat exchanger 138 allows the cooling of various systems, using air flowing through the vents 120, 122 (Figure 3), passing the motor 132, the gear box 134 and the control unit 136 and then out through the radiator / heat exchanger 138.
    [00035] The battery pack 100 can be removed from the rest of the vehicle 126 by lifting the vehicle 126 on a suitable lift, supporting the battery pack 100 with a jack, and releasing the fastenings that secure the battery pack 100 to the chassis in its outer flange 104. The jack can then be lowered by lowering the battery case 100 and pulling it out of the vehicle 126. The battery case 100 is shaped so that it does not interfere with the other parts of the vehicle 126; its rearmost section 124 is tapered in order to avoid rear suspension, for example.
    [00036] Thus, the invention allows the batteries of an electric vehicle to be stored in a way that is safe, but also easily accessible for renewal and / or replacement, while minimizing the total weight of the chassis.
    [00037] Also, the high voltage elements (400V) of the force train, which include the battery pack 100, the motor 132, the control unit 136 and the gear box 134, are all contained in a safe and compact that provides collision protection capacity superior to other schemes transported from vehicles with body powered by internal combustion donors, in which the battery, control units and engines can be distributed throughout the vehicle, increasing the dangers of 400V be exposed proposing a post-collision risk to occupants or rescue services.
    [00038] It will logically be understood that many variations can be made in the modalities described above without departing from the scope of the present invention. For example, the specific dimensions and shapes of the various elements of the invention depend on the design of the chassis in which these elements are intended to fit and the size and number of cells that will be used.
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [0001]
    1. Chassis element (10, 100) for a vehicle, the chassis element (10, 100) comprising a housing (30, 110) for an electric battery, the chassis element (10, 100) being formed into a plate (25 ), comprising a plurality of fixing points provided around the edge of the plate (25) to removably attach the element (10) to a chassis (12), the chassis element (10, 100) when assembled, forming a support part of the chassis (12) characterized by the fact that it has an outer covering material (22), an inner core material (24) enveloped by the outer covering material (22), and at least one array of aligned fibers ( 40, 42, 44, 46).
    [0002]
    Chassis element (10, 100) according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the aligned fibers (40, 42, 44, 46) extend from one attachment point to another attachment point.
    [0003]
    Chassis element (10, 100) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that there are multiple aligned fiber arrangements (40, 42, 44, 46).
    [0004]
    4. Chassis element according to claim 3, characterized by the fact that the aligned fiber arrangements (44, 46) are arranged with respect to each other at a transverse angle.
    [0005]
    5. Chassis element according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that the angle is less than 90 degrees.
    [0006]
    6. Chassis element, according to claim 3, characterized by the fact that there are 3 aligned fiber arrangements (40, 44, 46).
    [0007]
    7. Chassis element according to claim 6, characterized by the fact that the 3 aligned fiber arrangements (40, 44, 46) are arranged with respect to each other at an angle of 60 °.
    [0008]
    Chassis element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fibers (36) are arranged in the coating.
    [0009]
    Chassis element (10, 100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the core (24) is less dense than the coating (22).
    [0010]
    10. Chassis element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that part of the outer covering material (22) is planar between the plurality of fixing points.
    [0011]
    11. Chassis element (10, 100) according to claim 10, characterized in that the outer sheath material (22) comprises the first and second parts on either side of the inner core material (24), and wherein the first part is to glide between the plurality of attachment points.
    [0012]
    12. Vehicle comprising a chassis (12), a battery, an electric motor (132), electrical connections from the battery to the motor (132), and a chassis element (10, 100) attached to the chassis (12) by means of removable fixings extending through the fixing points of the chassis element to the corresponding fixing points (18) on the chassis (12) characterized by the fact that the chassis element (10, 100) is a chassis element (10, 100) as defined in any of the preceding claims.
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    法律状态:
    2018-12-26| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according art. 34 industrial property law|
    2019-07-09| B06T| Formal requirements before examination|
    2019-12-10| B07A| Technical examination (opinion): publication of technical examination (opinion)|
    2020-09-08| B06A| Notification to applicant to reply to the report for non-patentability or inadequacy of the application according art. 36 industrial patent law|
    2020-12-29| B09A| Decision: intention to grant|
    2021-02-09| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 22/07/2011, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    GB1012332.1|2010-07-22|
    GB1012332.1A|GB2482172A|2010-07-22|2010-07-22|Chassis element for a vehicle|
    PCT/GB2011/001105|WO2012010850A1|2010-07-22|2011-07-22|Improvements in or relating to electric vehicles|
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